Non-Scientific Factors on Research and Education: Publication Bias

Industry and Orthopaedics

Headlines: Public Concerns

Data: Funding and Research

Data: Funding and CME

Orthopaedic Relationships

Issue: The Relationship

Issue: The Relationship

Academic Orthopaedic Goals

“CAGE” for Industry Relations

Example: MIS THA

Example: Less-Invasive THA

Patients in the Middle

External Factors and Outcome

External Factors and Outcome

Positive Outcome Bias

Positive Outcome Bias

Hypotheses

Methods

Methods

Methods

Data Collected

Definition of “Positive”

Description of Literature

Associated w/Positive Outcome

Industry Funding and Outcome

Not Associated with Outcome

Reasons for Industry Effect

Reasons for Industry Effect

Conclusions

What Did We Really Show?

Smoke = Fire?

Bias vs. Appearance of Bias

Power

Study Quality

Publication Bias: If So, Where?

Follow-Up Study

Conclusions

THANK YOU